Information on Liberation of France:
In 1940, Nazi Germany rapidly took over France. The French government squabbled to maintain control but eventually lost most of France to the German occupation. An armistice was signed with Germany, leading to the creation of Vichy France. Vichy France was essentially a client state for Germany. Though supposedly independent, they were authoritarian and were involved in carrying out the demands of the Nazi regime, including the deportation of Jewish peoples from France. Pockets of resistance within and outside of France were created, under the name "Free France".
After the Fall of France, the battle to retake France began in Africa in November 1940. By September 1944, after the
liberation of Parisand the
southern France campaign and taking of Mediterranean ports in Marseille and Toulon, the country was largely liberated. The Allied Forces were driving into Germany from the west and the south. The liberation of France didn't finally end till the elimination of
some pockets of German resistance along the Atlantic coast at the end of the war in May 1945.
Militarily, the liberation of France was part of the Western Front of World War II. Other than scattered raids in 1942 and 1943, the reconquest began in earnest in the summer of 1944 in parallel campaigns in the north and south of France. On 6 June 1944, the Allies began
Operation Overlord, the largest seaborne invasion in history,
establishing a beachhead in Normandy, landing two million men in northern France and opening another front in western Europe against Germany.
American forces broke out from Normandy at the end of July. At the
Falaise Pocketthe Allied armies destroyed German forces, opening the route to Paris. In the south, the Allies launched
Operation Dragoon on 15 August, opening a new military front on the Mediterranean. In four weeks, the Germans retreated from southern France to Germany. This left French ports in Allied hands, resolving earlier supply problems in the south. Under the onslaught from both directions, the French Resistance organized a
general uprising in Paris on 19 August. On 25 August 1944 Paris was liberated. The Allied forces began to
push towards the Rhine. Initial rapid advances in the North stretched lines of supply in the autumn, and the advance slowed (
this is roughly around when the story begins). German counteroffensives in the winter of 1944–45 such as the
Battle of the Bulge slowed but did not stop the Allied armies, some crossing the Rhine in February, with heavy German losses. By late March several Allied armies had crossed and began
advancing rapidly into Germany, with the end of the war not far away. With France mostly liberated, a few
pockets of German resistance remained until the
end of the war in May 1945.
Information for Edward's temporary leave from Fleur-de-Mer:
American forces fought from September until mid-December to push the Germans out of Lorraine and from behind the Siegfried Line. The crossing of the
Moselle Riverand the capture of the fortress of
Metz proved difficult for the American troops in the face of German reinforcements, supply shortages, and unfavorable weather. During September and October, the Allied
6th Army Group (
U.S. Seventh Army and
French First Army) fought a difficult campaign through the
Vosges Mountains that was marked by dogged German resistance and slow advances. In November, however, the German front snapped under the pressure, resulting in sudden Allied advances that liberated
Belfort,
Mulhouse, and
Strasbourg, and placed Allied forces along the
Rhine River. The Germans managed to hold a large bridgehead (the
Colmar Pocket), on the western bank of the Rhine and centered around the city of
Colmar. On 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called
Operation Queen. With its main thrust again through the
Hürtgen Forest, the offensive drove the Allies to the
Rur River, but failed in its core objectives to capture the Rur dams and pave the way towards the Rhine. The Allied operations were then succeeded by the German Ardennes offensive.