@Vasara Glyndark
Ulfric is Jarl in the city of Kings, the original capital of Skyrim and the first human/atmoran settlement in tamriel. That alone gives him massive support from the Nord population that cares about traditions, history and past heroes such as Ysgramor.
Ulfric has fought in the great war and has been captured as well as tortured by the Thalmor. His crusade is revenge and if he were to make that knowledge publich, the majority of people that have been wronged by the Thalmor would support him because they can relate to him in that way.
He challenged the former High King to a duel which he won, meaning he is indeed the stronger man and, at least in Nord culture, leader.
His racism is speculative at best. He never explicitly says anything racist aside from those typical "Skyrim is for the Nord" kind of things. And let's be honest. Lydia does the same and she doesn't give a flying fuck about the dragonborns race. As does Ulfric by the way. Even as a High elf he promotes you after every successful task and grows closer to the dragonborn. Would a racist do that? Make friends with a person from the race that literally tortured you for years? I don't think so. There are arguments to be made about how the dunmer in windhelm basically live in a ghetto and how the argonians aren't allowed within the city walls. But. Who stops the dunmer from just repairing their homes? Who stops them from renovating? Who stops the argonians from doing the same? Nobody. See it like this, dunmer live very long lifes. Several hundred years to be precise. How long ago did the red mountain errupt? If, to this day, no repairs, renovations or other acts that could improve their situation have been made then that's on them. But he certainly needs to check his soldiers and guards so that they don't treat them like shit, that's true.
And with a war to take care of Ulfric certainly has other things to do with his money than to throw it at people that won't support his
cause. Yet he doesn't throw them out. He simply leaves them be. If Tullius and by extension the Thalmor (and vice versa) would find out about a person in Solitude not openly supporting Elisif or at least the empire, i give you three guesses what's going to happen to them.
Not that he is without flaws of course. That while Markarth incident was fucked up. And he's obviously not seeing the bigger picture behind the white cold concordat. Not to mention that he's trying to defeat a weakened imperial legion just so the Thalmor can come in and murderfuck their way through Skyrim. But that's another matter entirely.